Sunday, February 17, 2013

Harrison Ford rumor: Has he signed on for 'Star Wars 7'?

Are the Harrison Ford rumors true -- that the actor has signed on for the new 'Star Wars' movie? The Harrison Ford rumor is so far unconfirmed.

By Ben Kendrick,?Screen Rant / February 15, 2013

Harrison Ford (l.) is the subject of rumors that he's officially signed on to return for the seventh 'Star Wars' film.

20th Century-Fox Film Corporation/AP

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Star Wars fans had a lot of questions when it was first announced that Disney was set to purchase Lucasfilm ? with the intention of producing an entirely new trilogy in a Galaxy Far, Far Away. However, one of the biggest questions surrounding the future of Star Wars is where the story would go in Episodes 7-9. Would the new films continue the narrative established in the original six installments and bring back fan-favorite actors (now 30 years older) to reprise their characters or would Lucasfilm clean the slate and center the trilogy around entirely new faces?

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Screen Rant had a humble start back in 2003 as a place to rant about some of the dumber stuff related to the movie industry. Since then, the site has grown to cover more and more TV and movie news (and not just the dumb stuff) along with sometimes controversial movie reviews. The goal at Screen Rant is to cover stories and review movies from a middle ground/average person perspective.

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Now, we?re getting unofficial word that Harrison Ford has signed-on to reprise his role as Han Solo in Star Wars: Episode 7 ? lending credence to hopes that the film will directly continue storylines from the prior trilogy ? while introducing new characters too. Of course, if the rumor turns out to be true, it would likely mean that other high-profile casting announcements are also in the pipeline.

Now that director J.J. Abrams is officially helming?Episode 7, Star Wars-related rumors and reports are at an all-time high. Joining the chorus of unconfirmed reports on the production,?Latino Review took to the Fox News Latino airwaves and announced that, according to their sources, Harrison Ford has officially signed-on for a ?significant? appearance as Han Solo in Episode 7. Not entirely a big surprise, given that Ford has previously stated he?d be open to returning ? if the story would allow for it. When pressed for further information, Latino Review admitted that there scoop was limited to the signing of Han Solo and anything beyond the casting itself would purely be speculation at this point. Latino Review has a relatively successful record with their scoops ? so there?s more than enough reason to believe that there?s at least some truth to the report.

Source: http://rss.csmonitor.com/~r/feeds/learning/~3/_90E8IYaW3Y/Harrison-Ford-rumor-Has-he-signed-on-for-Star-Wars-7

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Saturday, February 16, 2013

Dogs Can Spot Fellow Furballs in a Crowd

Dogs can pick out the faces of other dogs in a virtual lineup of humans and other animals, a new study shows.

And it doesn't matter if it's a German shepherd looking at a standard poodle. Dogs still know who's one of their own, researchers say.

Previous research has shown that many animals, from macaques to sheep, are better at recognizing images of another member of their own species than picking out images of individuals from different species.

In the new study, scientists wanted to test if this phenomenon held true for the domestic dog, which is far more variable in size, shape and behavior than any other living mammal. Regardless of how different dog breeds might seem, all dogs belong to the same species, Canis lupus familiaris.

For the study, a team of French researchers put nine pet dogs in front of two side-by-side computer screens that showed images of faces. In each pair of pictures, one showed a dog's face (various breeds and cross-breeds were featured) and the other showed non-dog animals, including cows, horses, cats, birds and humans.

The dogs were trained to choose one of the pictures, by going over to a given screen and putting a paw in front of the image when the experimenter gave a signal. Over the course of dozens of trials, the dogs showed a preference for the dog faces, and they seemed to lump all dogs into the same category, regardless of whether they were looking at a Chihuahua or a mastiff, the researchers said.

"The fact that dogs are able to recognize their own species visually, and that they have great olfactory discriminative capacities, insures that social behavior and mating between different breeds is still potentially possible," the researchers write. "Although humans have stretched the Canis familiaris species to its morphological limits, its biological entity has been preserved."

The study, led by Dominique Autier-D?rian of France's National Veterinary School in Lyon, was detailed online this month in the journal Animal Cognition.

Follow LiveScience on Twitter @livescience. We're also on Facebook?& Google+.

Copyright 2013 LiveScience, a TechMediaNetwork company. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/dogs-spot-fellow-furballs-crowd-203057716.html

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State of the Union Address on Foreign Policy: Careful Phrasing Conceals Disasters

By BARRY RUBIN, PJ MEDIA?

While the State of the Union message was overwhelmingly domestically oriented, the foreign policy sections were most interesting. I?ll review them here.

The president began in the same neo-patriotic mode? used in the second inaugural address, with a special emphasis on thanking U.S. troops. He used the imagery of the end of World War Two paralleling the return of troops from Iraq to promote his idea that the American economy must be totally restructured.

Obama defined his main successes?careful to credit the military (whose budget he seeks to cut deeply and whose health benefits he?s already reduced) rather than his usual emphasis on taking the credit for himself?were the following points:

?For the first time in nine years, there are no Americans fighting in Iraq.

?For the first time in two decades, Osama bin Laden is not a threat to this country.

?Most of Al Qaida?s top lieutenants have been defeated. The Taliban?s momentum has been broken. And some troops in Afghanistan have begun to come home.?

Now there certainly have been accomplishments on these three fronts but these claims are also profoundly misleading and very carefully worded. Let?s take them one at a time.

?It is true that U.S. forces are largely out of Iraq yet this was inevitable, with one key reservation. There was no likelihood they would be there in a large combat role forever. Whatever one thinks of the invasion of Iraq, the American forces were staying for an interim period until the Iraqi army was ready. Any successor to George W. Bush would have pulled out the combat forces.

The reservation, of course, is that it was the success of the surge?which Obama opposed and his new secretary of defense (yes, he will be confirmed) Chuck Hagel opposed. So he is taking credit for a policy that was inevitable and that was made possible by a success that he was against.

Lest you think that assessment is unfair to Obama consider this: he did absolutely nothing to make this outcome happen. No policy or strategy of his administration made the withdrawal faster or more certain.

?This is a strange phrase: ?For the first time in two decades, Osama bin Laden is not a threat to this country.? It is a new way of putting the Obama killed Osama meme while hinting that al-Qaida is not a threat to the United States. Well, as Benghazi shows, al-Qaida is still a threat but wording the sentence the way Obama did implies otherwise without saying so and looking foolish at making an obviously false claim.

?Notice a very strange and ungrammatical formulation: ?Most of Al Qaida?s top lieutenants have been defeated.? I think this can only be understood as an incomplete change in the traditional slogan that al-Qaida has been defeated. The administration can no longer make this argument so it is looking for something that gets in bin Ladin?s assassination and that of other al-Qaida leaders (al-Qaida has been decapitated) with hinting that al-Qaida has been defeated.

In other words, someone did a bad job of proofreading the speech. Of course, all of this glosses over the fact that al-Qaida hasn?t been defeated. It is on the march in Mali, the Gaza Strip, Somalia, Egypt?s Sinai Peninsula, Yemen, and other places.

Incidentally, al-Qaida will always be defeated politically because it has no strong political program or structure. That?s why al-Qaida kills but the Muslim Brotherhood wins. And Obama is helping the Muslim Brotherhood.

As for the Taliban, again there is a cute formulation: its ?momentum has been broken.? In other words, the Taliban has survived, it is still launching attacks, and it might even take over large parts of Afghanistan after American troops leave. Momentum has been broken is just a fancy way of saying that its gaining power has been slowed down. Of course, after American troops leave, that momentum will probably speed up again.

In his second mention of foreign affairs, Obama spoke of economic issues, he says:

?My message is simple. It is time to stop rewarding businesses that ship jobs overseas and start rewarding companies that create jobs right here in America. Send me these tax reforms, and I will sign them right away.?

In fact, though, businesses are not fleeing the United States because the wages are lower there while the Obama Administration puts into effect increasingly tight and costly regulations and imposes higher costs (including the impact of Obamacare). Moreover, wages are lower overseas.

Obama?s policies don?t?in the strict sense of the term?reward businesses for shipping jobs overseas; they merely punish businesses for remaining in America. Taxing executives more while adding to the regulatory and cost burden will make things worse.

He continues:

?We?re also making it easier for American businesses to sell products all over the world. Two years ago, I set a goal of doubling U.S. exports over five years. With the bipartisan trade agreements we signed into law, we?re on track to meet that goal ahead of schedule.

?And soon there will be millions of new customers for American goods in Panama, Colombia, and South Korea. Soon, there will be new cars on the streets of Seoul imported from Detroit, and Toledo, and Chicago.?

This sounds good but it?s a fantasy. To speak of doubling U.S. exports is insane except for one point. If Obama?s policies lead to massive inflation and the decline of the dollar, foreign customers will want to unload their dollars and take advantage of relatively falling American prices. This will not, however, benefit the American people much.

If one wants to analyze Obama?s claims the auto industry is the place to start. Look at the policies of General Motors, the most favored and government-influenced of all American companies, which has shipped jobs overseas. If American cars are on those foreign streets, it will be because they were manufactured in China. (I wonder if Obama?s choice of South Korea rather than China as the Asian country in his list was deliberately made to conceal that fact.)

And then, par for the course, he announces a new and unneeded additional bureaucracy called the Trade Enforcement Unit that will carry on investigations that could be done by existing institutions.

That?s how Obama creates jobs.

He continues,

?I will not cede the wind or solar or battery industry to China or Germany because we refuse to make the same commitment here. We?ve subsidized oil companies for a century. That?s long enough.?

Well, in fact it is easy to show that his investments in wind, solar, and battery industries have been an abject failure. One would have thought Obama would avoid that topic except that his immunity to prosecution by the mass media makes him bold here. There are deep structural reasons why China is ahead?lower wages, lower costs, less regulation, and less safety. That?s not going to change. Obama is doubling down on a losing proposition.

Then he produces a real whopper:

?Ending the Iraq war has allowed us to strike decisive blows against our enemies.?

This is a coded reference to the anti-Iraq war argument that intervention in that country was tying down American forces that could be used elsewhere. Obama is saying: Now that we are out of Iraq we?ll really get those terrorists!

Yet Obama has claimed victory over the terrorists while U.S. forces in Iraq were at their height. His own statements undercut that argument. And what big new way is the United States been striking blows at its enemies since the withdrawal? I cannot think of anything (continued drone strikes in Yemen?). But if you think that the Benghazi terrorists (not the California videomaker), the Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood, Hamas in particular, the Syrian Brotherhood and Salafists, Hizballah, etc., are ?enemies? then how has the Obama Administration escalated efforts against them now that it has pulled all those troops out of Iraq and can spare them for other operations?

Like much of Obama?s speech, if one actually pays attention to the language and claims, it dissolves into ridiculousness.

Obama continues:

?From Pakistan to Yemen, the Al-Qaida operatives who remain are scrambling, knowing that they can?t escape the reach of the United States of America.?

I see no evidence of that. The biggest hits to the al-Qaida leadership, except for the killing of bin Ladin?happened during the Bush Administration. Of course, Obama carefully picked his examples. Where other than Pakistan and Yemen might they live in fear? Certainly not in Libya.

Then we come to the ?Arab Spring?:

?As the tide of war recedes, a wave of change has washed across the Middle East and North Africa, from Tunis to Cairo, from Sana?a to Tripoli.?

Obama could have said the same thing two years ago. Since then, however, the shaky coalition government in Tunisia is crumbling after the most courageous opposition leader was assassinated and the Brotherhood is tightening its hold. In Egypt, the Brotherhood is in power and at the very moment Obama was speaking was engaged in repressing street protests. In Yemen, substantially nothing has changed. In Tripoli (it was wise not to mention Libya?s other main city, Benghazi) there is a reasonable level of success.

Perhaps the greatest change in governance has come in Iraq, but Obama doesn?t want to mention that because that would imply a tip of the hat to George W. Bush. By the way, is Obama going to urge Mahmoud Abbas, the Palestinian Authority leader, to hold elections when he visits Ramallah in late March? He?s still governing three years after his term ended.

It was wise for Obama to emphasize who is leaving rather than who is coming into power:

?A year ago, Gadhafi was one of the world?s longest-serving dictators, a murderer with American blood on his hands. Today, he is gone.?

Hm, someone in Libya with ?American blood on his hands?? Glad there?s nobody like that around anymore!

?And in Syria, I have no doubt that the Assad regime will soon discover that the forces of change cannot be reversed and that human dignity cannot be denied.?

Oh, I?ll bet that a lot of Syrians are going to learn that human dignity can be denied in the face of ethnic massacres and a new regime where the Muslim Brotherhood rules and Salafists run around free to do as they please. (Though for U.S. interests it will be an improvement things could have been much better if America helped the moderates instead of the Islamists.)

?And while it?s ultimately up to the people of the region to decide their fate, we will advocate for those values that have served our own country so well. We will stand against violence and intimidation. We will stand for the rights and dignity of all human beings, men and women, Christians, Muslims, and Jews. We will support policies that lead to strong and stable democracies and open markets, because tyranny is no match for liberty.?

Strange, but the democratic opposition movements say the precise opposite. See for example the open letter to Obama, written in the last few days, by an Egyptian human rights? activist begging the president to stop helping and praising the oppressive forces!

?And we will safeguard America?s own security against those who threaten our citizens, our friends, and our interests. Look at Iran. Through the power of our diplomacy, a world that was once divided about how to deal with Iran?s nuclear program now stands as one. The regime is more isolated than ever before. Its leaders are faced with crippling sanctions. And as long as they shirk their responsibilities, this pressure will not relent. Let there be no doubt: America is determined to prevent Iran from getting a nuclear weapon, and I will take no options off the table to achieve that goal.?

But Iran will get nuclear weapons, it continues working on them at a full pace, and you will spend this year in fruitless negotiations to try to persuade them to stop.

?The renewal of American leadership can be felt across the globe. Our oldest alliances in Europe and Asia are stronger than ever. Our ties to the Americas are deeper. Our iron-clad commitment ? and I mean iron-clad ? to Israel?s security has meant the closest military cooperation between our two countries in history.?

Really? That?s not what I hear from people all over the world. It is the absence of American leadership they feel, sometimes to their great cost. Ask the Poles, and the Czechs, and the Saudis, and the democratic oppositionists in Iran and Syria, and so on. Ask the Peruvians and the Colombians if they feel American leadership is protecting them from Venezuela and other radical forces in the region.

And it is true that military cooperation with Israel is good?which is to say, normal not the greatest in history?but what Israeli leader believes that Obama can be relied on?? The ones I speak to usually say something like this: ?I never thought I?d see the day when we couldn?t depend on America.?

Incidentally, a number of analyses I?ve seen since writing this article emphasize Obama?s nice sentence about Israel as it is of great importance or is some kind of revelation. For goodness sakes, it is standard?even though he repeated the word ?iron-clad??and denotes absolutely nothing new. I don?t think Obama will do much in regards to bilateral relations but let?s be frank here: Since Obama believes he knows better what Israel security needs are than do its leaders then anything he does is ?pro-Israel? even if it is against Israel?s will. I?m not trying to make any dramatic point here?again, bilateral relations will continue to be okay?but to point out the bizarre way Obama?s statements get interpreted in order to praise him. The same applies to his standard sentence on keeping all options open regarding Iran?s nuclear program.

?From the coalitions we?ve built to secure nuclear materials, to the missions we?ve led against hunger and disease, from the blows we?ve dealt our enemies, to the enduring power of our moral example, America is back. Anyone who tells you otherwise, anyone who tells you that America is in decline or that our influence has waned, doesn?t know what they?re talking about.?

Think about the kind of mental construct that could produce this paragraph, which is unintentionally revealing. It shows Obama?s pattern of either refusing to acknowledge legitimate dissent (all the experts agree with me) and that he knows best (Israel doesn?t know what?s good for itself).

Yes, Mr. President, a lot of people around the world don?t think that America is back or that it still protects their back. And they do know what they are talking about and can cite many specific examples from your administration.

The next paragraph requires no comment from me. See if you can finish it and not be laughing:

?That?s why, working with our military leaders, I?ve proposed a new defense strategy that ensures we maintain the finest military in the world, while saving nearly half a trillion dollars in our budget.?

Not budget cuts to the military but ?saving? money. So that it can be spent on green energy projects?

Source: http://www.thejerusalemconnection.us/blog/2013/02/14/state-of-the-union-address-on-foreign-policy-careful-phrasing-conceals-disasters.html

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Friday, February 15, 2013

California Lawmaker Pushing Gun Control Got Death Threat

Four weeks ago, California state Sen. Leland Yee (D) got a death threat ?unlike any other? he has ever received.

?The author of the email specifically stated that if I did not cease our legislative efforts to stop gun violence that he would assassinate me in or around the Capitol,? Yee said in a statement released Thursday. ?He stated that he was a trained sniper and his email detailed certain weapons he possessed.?

Yee said the email ?was not a racist rant on my ethnicity or culture, but instead it was very deliberate and specific.? His office immediately notified law enforcement.

Thursday?s statement came after authorities made an arrest in the case. On Tuesday, law enforcement officials arrested Everett Basham, 45, a Silicon Valley engineer, according to The Los Angeles Times.

In his statement, Yee said ?illegal weapons and bomb-making materials? had been found during a search of Basham?s home. Chief Scott MacGregor, head of the California Highway Patrol?s protective services division, told reporters at a press conference that authorities are ?not suggesting that [Basham] was anywhere near taking action on the threat? against Ye, but instead that ?he was arrested for making the threat,? according to the Times.

Yee, who represents San Francisco and San Mateo County, is pushing a number of gun control measures, including a bill that would prohibit the use of ?bullet buttons,? which allow for quick reloading of of magazines on semiautomatic assault rifles.

Gun Control, Leland Yee
Eric Lach

Eric Lach is a reporter for TPM. From 2010 to 2011, he was a news writer in charge of the website?s front page. He has previously written for The Daily, NewYorker.com, GlobalPost and other publications. He can be reached at ericl(at)talkingpointsmemo.com

Source: http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/tpm-news/~3/ldykrTBXiX4/gun_control_death_threat.php

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NYT reporter responds to Tesla Model S data logs, impropriety accusations

NYT reporter responds to Tesla Model S data logs, impropriety accusations

Data logs of the Model S that left New York Times reporter John Broder stranded revealed a "violation of common sense" according to Tesla CEO Elon Musk, but Broder is now offering his side of the story to help make sense of the information. According to the journalist, he wasn't provided with "detailed instructions on maximizing the driving range" before his trip, and he placed roughly a dozen calls to the folks at Tesla about how he could address the car's declining range and make it to his destination. Apparently, some of the doubt-instilling data was caused by following the advice of Tesla representatives on how to maximize the vehicle's charge. For example, Broder says the auto lost a drastic amount of juice while parked in the cold over night, and a low-power one-hour charge was recommended by Tesla reps in conjunction with driving at a moderate speed to "restore" the lost power.

Broder also mentions that he didn't drive around a parking lot to run down the battery, but did so since he couldn't find the poorly-lit and unmarked Supercharger at night. New York Times Public Editor Margaret Sullivan called Musk several times throughout the day and couldn't get ahold him, but plans to ask the company's founder to open source the logs and other information. Come Friday, Sullivan expects to have some conclusions on the matter. Click the bordering source link to see Broder's entire point-by-point response to the logs for yourself.

Comments

Source: The New York Times (1), (2)

Source: http://feeds.engadget.com/~r/weblogsinc/engadget/~3/pCoxrLxQlFM/

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Androgyny and minimalism to stalk London Fashion Week

LONDON | Wed Feb 13, 2013 1:29pm EST

LONDON (Reuters) - Leading British designers such as Vivienne Westwood, Christopher Kane, Alice Temperley and Burberry's Christopher Bailey, will showcase their latest creations alongside emerging young talent when London Fashion Week kicks off on Friday.

Fashionistas say the ever-youthful and innovative London will herald a return to sleek minimalism and lady-like finishes with a touch of androgyny, stylized tailoring, modern art-inspired pieces and origami-style detailing.

This season will see a return to elegance, minimalism and androgyny, said Carmen Borgonovo, fashion director at online luxury boutique my-wardrobe.com.

"Designers have been focusing a little bit more on couture shapes and structure and more of this return to elegance ... and I think that will continue, as well as the whole androgynous style."

London takes over the spotlight from New York, which has seen a mixture of opulent glamour and grunge-inspired designs, with floral prints and geometric patterns, as thousands of buyers, fashion editors and celebrities hit the British capital in search of the fresh young talent and groundbreaking trends that London is renowned for among fashion insiders.

"London Fashion Week is becoming stronger and stronger and can hold its own against New York, Paris and Milan despite not necessarily having a bulk of advertisers shows," said Susie Lau, founder of fashion blog Style Bubble.

"It's becoming a must-see city for a lot of editors and buyers, who are excited to see new break-out designers pop of out London," Lau added.

It is estimated that orders of more than 100 million pounds ($156.61 million) are placed during London Fashion Week each season, according to the British Fashion Council.

That's just a small slice of a $36 billion global luxury women's apparel market and a tiny fraction of the sagging $2.5 trillion UK economy.

Sportswear influences and high tech fabrics are also expected to make an appearance throughout London's shows, as well as monochrome colors and references to British heritage.

Paula Reed, fashion director at luxury department store Harvey Nichols, told Reuters she would be looking out for how designers develop their color palette after seeing strong references in menswear collections.

"I am looking out for the influences of British heritage and androgynous tailoring that I feel are bubbling under right now," said Reed.

American designers Tom Ford and L'Wren Scott will also join the line-up of designers as well as Britain's Julien MacDonald and singer Rihanna, who will launch her first collaboration with high-street retailer River Island.

More than 80 designers are expected to present their latest collections at London Fashion Week, 38 of which will stream their shows live on the internet as well as at the British Fashion Council's headquarters at Somerset House.

This year also sees the start of the British Fashion Council's new chairman, Natalie Massenet, the executive chairman and founder of online luxury clothing retailer Net-a-Porter, who is widely anticipated to shake things up in her new role.

"Natalie brings a very fresh energy," said Reed. "She is such a lateral thinker with an abundance of ideas. It's great to see a young entrepreneurial woman with such a varied background in this job. I'd expect her mind to be wide open to possibilities."

($1 = 0.6385 British pounds)

($1 = 0.7427 euros)

(Reporting by Li-mei Hoang, editing by Paul Casciato)

Source: http://feeds.reuters.com/~r/reuters/lifestyle/~3/CMa-z0Ch5CY/us-fashion-britain-preview-idUSBRE91C1BD20130213

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Thursday, February 14, 2013

Sewage lagoons remove most -- but not all -- pharmaceuticals

Sewage lagoons remove most -- but not all -- pharmaceuticals [ Back to EurekAlert! ] Public release date: 14-Feb-2013
[ | E-mail | Share Share ]

Contact: Chelsey Coombs
diya@illinois.edu
217-333-5802
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

CHAMPAIGN, lll. 2012 marked the 40th anniversary of the Clean Water Act, which established regulations for the discharge of pollutants to waterways and supported the building of sewage treatment plants. Despite these advances, sewage remains a major source of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) and naturally occurring hormones found in the environment.

Many rural communities in the United States use aerated lagoon systems to treat their wastewater. The wastewater is pumped into at least one manmade aerated lagoon, in which oxygen-loving and anaerobic microorganisms remove many of the contaminants. The water is then pumped into a series of other lagoons. Finally, the resulting water, known as the effluent, is discharged directly into a receiving stream.

The drugs, chemicals and hormone contaminants such as ibuprofen, caffeine and ethinyl estradiol from urban sewage treatment plants have been studied and monitored widely, but their occurrence in rural lagoon treatment systems is often overlooked.

In a new study led by Wei Zheng, a University of Illinois senior research scientist at the Illinois Sustainable Technology Center, researchers determined the effectiveness of rural lagoon systems at removing these compounds from wastewater. The research was conducted jointly with the Illinois State Water Survey. The study appears in the journal Science of the Total Environment.

Scientists collected water samples in September and November from a rural wastewater treatment plant located in a small town in Illinois. The facility treats sewage wastewater in two aerated lagoons, using a sand tank for filtration. The effluent streams into a creek that flows into the Mackinaw River. The researchers collected samples from various steps during the treatment process for analysis.

The researchers then tested the samples for the presence of 21 commonly used PPCPs and hormones, including caffeine and ibuprofen.

The team found that the lagoon treatment system reduced concentrations of most of the tested compounds. The overall removal efficiency ranged from 88 to 100 percent in September, except for the compound carbamazepine, a drug used for the treatment of epilepsy and bipolar disorder that is notoriously difficult to remove from wastewater. There were no detectable steroid hormones in the aerated lagoons and effluent.

Interestingly, the samples collected in November contained higher concentrations of all detected PPCPs than the samples collected in September. According to Zheng, this is most likely because the microorganisms that break down the compounds work best in warm weather.

Although the efficiency of rural sewage treatment lagoons is relatively high, this study shows that there is a significant increase in the occurrence of PPCPs in surrounding watersheds with the effluent discharge, which could change the rural aquatic environment.

"Some compounds are easy to degrade and remove using this lagoon treatment system, but some compounds are persistent," Zheng said. "When these persistent compounds are introduced into the environment through effluent discharge, they may contaminate water sources and affect the watershed ecosystem."

Because people eventually consume this water, the presence of PPCPs and steroid hormones is a concern, Zheng said.

"Pharmaceutical residues are usually detected in the aquatic environment at very low concentrations, below their therapeutic doses employed for medical purposes," he said. "However, long-term chronic exposure to these emerging contaminants in water supplies may jeopardize human and aquatic habitat health."

The research also is useful for addressing the potential risks of using rural sewage effluent for crop irrigation, especially as the occurrence of droughts increases, Zheng said.

More research needs to be conducted to understand the environmental fate and negative effects of PPCP and hormone contaminants, but for now, Zheng is happy that the information he and his team found will benefit rural communities to properly utilize lagoon treatment systems to handle their wastewater and help state and federal agencies formulate prudent regulatory programs on agricultural irrigation of rural sewage effluents.

"The (federal Environmental Protection Agency) doesn't have regulations or management strategies for controlling PPCP and hormone contaminants released from sewage effluents, so our information can raise the public's attention, help the EPA develop the best management strategies and thereby minimize the loading of these emerging contaminants into the environment and promote the safe and beneficial reuse of treated wastewater in U.S. agriculture," Zheng said.

###

The Illinois Sustainable Technology Center is part of the Prairie Research Institute at the U. of I.

Editor's note: To reach Wei Zheng, call 217-333-7276; email weizheng@illinois.edu.

The paper, "Occurrence and removal of pharmaceutical and hormone contaminants in rural wastewater treatment lagoons," is available online or from the U. of I. News Bureau.


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Sewage lagoons remove most -- but not all -- pharmaceuticals [ Back to EurekAlert! ] Public release date: 14-Feb-2013
[ | E-mail | Share Share ]

Contact: Chelsey Coombs
diya@illinois.edu
217-333-5802
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

CHAMPAIGN, lll. 2012 marked the 40th anniversary of the Clean Water Act, which established regulations for the discharge of pollutants to waterways and supported the building of sewage treatment plants. Despite these advances, sewage remains a major source of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) and naturally occurring hormones found in the environment.

Many rural communities in the United States use aerated lagoon systems to treat their wastewater. The wastewater is pumped into at least one manmade aerated lagoon, in which oxygen-loving and anaerobic microorganisms remove many of the contaminants. The water is then pumped into a series of other lagoons. Finally, the resulting water, known as the effluent, is discharged directly into a receiving stream.

The drugs, chemicals and hormone contaminants such as ibuprofen, caffeine and ethinyl estradiol from urban sewage treatment plants have been studied and monitored widely, but their occurrence in rural lagoon treatment systems is often overlooked.

In a new study led by Wei Zheng, a University of Illinois senior research scientist at the Illinois Sustainable Technology Center, researchers determined the effectiveness of rural lagoon systems at removing these compounds from wastewater. The research was conducted jointly with the Illinois State Water Survey. The study appears in the journal Science of the Total Environment.

Scientists collected water samples in September and November from a rural wastewater treatment plant located in a small town in Illinois. The facility treats sewage wastewater in two aerated lagoons, using a sand tank for filtration. The effluent streams into a creek that flows into the Mackinaw River. The researchers collected samples from various steps during the treatment process for analysis.

The researchers then tested the samples for the presence of 21 commonly used PPCPs and hormones, including caffeine and ibuprofen.

The team found that the lagoon treatment system reduced concentrations of most of the tested compounds. The overall removal efficiency ranged from 88 to 100 percent in September, except for the compound carbamazepine, a drug used for the treatment of epilepsy and bipolar disorder that is notoriously difficult to remove from wastewater. There were no detectable steroid hormones in the aerated lagoons and effluent.

Interestingly, the samples collected in November contained higher concentrations of all detected PPCPs than the samples collected in September. According to Zheng, this is most likely because the microorganisms that break down the compounds work best in warm weather.

Although the efficiency of rural sewage treatment lagoons is relatively high, this study shows that there is a significant increase in the occurrence of PPCPs in surrounding watersheds with the effluent discharge, which could change the rural aquatic environment.

"Some compounds are easy to degrade and remove using this lagoon treatment system, but some compounds are persistent," Zheng said. "When these persistent compounds are introduced into the environment through effluent discharge, they may contaminate water sources and affect the watershed ecosystem."

Because people eventually consume this water, the presence of PPCPs and steroid hormones is a concern, Zheng said.

"Pharmaceutical residues are usually detected in the aquatic environment at very low concentrations, below their therapeutic doses employed for medical purposes," he said. "However, long-term chronic exposure to these emerging contaminants in water supplies may jeopardize human and aquatic habitat health."

The research also is useful for addressing the potential risks of using rural sewage effluent for crop irrigation, especially as the occurrence of droughts increases, Zheng said.

More research needs to be conducted to understand the environmental fate and negative effects of PPCP and hormone contaminants, but for now, Zheng is happy that the information he and his team found will benefit rural communities to properly utilize lagoon treatment systems to handle their wastewater and help state and federal agencies formulate prudent regulatory programs on agricultural irrigation of rural sewage effluents.

"The (federal Environmental Protection Agency) doesn't have regulations or management strategies for controlling PPCP and hormone contaminants released from sewage effluents, so our information can raise the public's attention, help the EPA develop the best management strategies and thereby minimize the loading of these emerging contaminants into the environment and promote the safe and beneficial reuse of treated wastewater in U.S. agriculture," Zheng said.

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The Illinois Sustainable Technology Center is part of the Prairie Research Institute at the U. of I.

Editor's note: To reach Wei Zheng, call 217-333-7276; email weizheng@illinois.edu.

The paper, "Occurrence and removal of pharmaceutical and hormone contaminants in rural wastewater treatment lagoons," is available online or from the U. of I. News Bureau.


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Source: http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2013-02/uoia-slr021413.php

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